天然药材
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功效作用 Efficacy and Functions
活血化瘀，消食，通乳。
Promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, resolving food stagnation, and promoting lactation.
主治 Indications
用于血瘀经闭，产后瘀滞腹痛，消化不良，食积痞满，乳汁不足。
Blood stasis and meridian obstruction, postpartum abdominal pain due to blood stasis, indigestion, food accumulation causing fullness in the chest, and insufficient lactation.
用法用量 Dosage and Administration
内服：煮熟，5-15g；或焙干研末。
Internal use: decoct 5-15g of the herb until cooked; or grind into powder after drying.
注意事项 Precautions
《中国动物药志》：“孕妇慎服。”
"Chinese Veterinary Materia Medica": "Pregnant women should use with caution."
相关论述 Related Discussion
1、《本草拾遗》：“治小儿闪痞，煮食之。”
"Compendium of Materia Medica": "Treat infantile hernia by cooking and eating it."
2、《日华子》：“解热气，治小儿痞气。”
2. "Ri Huazi": "Relieve heat and treat infantile hernia."
3、《中国药用海洋生物》：“破血、通经、通乳。治产后血瘀，宿食，乳汁不足。”
3. "Chinese Medicinal Marine Organisms": "Break blood stasis, regulate menstruation, and promote lactation. Used for postpartum blood stasis, food retention, and insufficient lactation."
4、《日华子》：“冷，无毒。”
4. "Ri Huazi": "Cold in nature, non-toxic."
5、《纲目》：“咸，寒，无毒。”
5. "Outline": "Salty, cold in nature, non-toxic."
临床应用 Clinical Applications
1、治消化不良：蝤蛑1个，炙酥脆，研末。分2次服。（《中国动物药》）
Treatment for indigestion: Take 1 Charybdis crab, roast until crispy, grind into powder, and take in two doses. (From "Chinese Animal Medicine")
2、治乳汁不足：蝤蛑2个，煮熟食之。（《山东药用动物》）
2. Treatment for insufficient breast milk: Take 2 Charybdis crabs, cook thoroughly, and consume. (From "Shandong Medicinal Animals")
附注 Note
斑纹蟳 Charybdis cruciata (Herbst) [C. feriatus (Linnaeus)] 又名：锈斑蟳（《浙江动物志·甲壳类》）。分布于福建、台湾、广东、广西等沿海。与蝤蛑同等入药。
Charybdis cruciata (Herbst) [C. feriatus (Linnaeus)], also known as Rusty Crab (Zhejiang Animal Records: Crustaceans). Distributed along the coasts of Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, and Guangxi. Used medicinally in the same way as Charybdis japonica.
加工炮制 Processing and Preparation
采收加工：捕后洗净，鲜用，或用开水烫死，晒干。
After capture, wash thoroughly, use fresh, or scald with boiling water, then dry in the sun.
动物学信息 Zoological Information
动物属种：梭子蟹科动物日本蟳。
Species: Charybdis japonica, a species in the family Portunidae.
形态特征 Morphological Characteristics
日本蟳，头胸甲呈横卵圆形，一般长约60mm，宽90mm左右，表面隆起，胃、鳃区具横行的微细颗粒隆线。额稍突，分6个锐齿，中间2齿稍突。前侧缘拱起，连外眼窝齿共具6锐齿。螯足壮大，不甚对称，长节前缘一般具3粗刺，基部1个最小；腕节内末角具1壮刺，外侧面具3小刺；掌节内外面隆起，外基角具1刺，背面的两条隆脊上各具2齿，两指比掌节长，表面有纵沟。步足各节背腹缘均具刚毛，前节与指节均扁平，呈桨状。腹肢退化，藏于退化的腹部内侧，雌体4对用以抱卵；雄体2对，转化为交接器。背面绿棕色或深紫色，螯足表面呈深紫色，指深黑色，步足上面紫棕色，下面较浅。
Charybdis japonica has a transversely oval-shaped cephalothorax, generally about 60mm long and 90mm wide. The surface is raised, with transverse fine granular ridges in the gastric and branchial regions. The frontal margin slightly protrudes, divided into 6 sharp teeth, with the middle two slightly more prominent. The anterolateral margin is arched, bearing 6 sharp teeth including the external orbital tooth. The chelipeds are large and asymmetrical; the anterior margin of the merus usually has 3 strong spines, the smallest at the base. The inner distal angle of the carpus bears a strong spine, and the outer surface has 3 small spines. The palm is convex on both inner and outer sides, with a spine at the outer basal angle; each of the two dorsal ridges has 2 teeth. The fingers are longer than the palm and have longitudinal grooves on the surface. Each segment of the walking legs has stiff hairs along the dorsal and ventral margins; the propodus and dactyl are flattened and paddle-shaped. The abdominal appendages are reduced and hidden within the reduced abdomen—females have 4 pairs for egg-carrying; males have 2 pairs modified into copulatory organs. The dorsal surface is greenish-brown or dark purple; the chelipeds are dark purple, the fingers black, and the upper side of the walking legs purplish-brown, lighter below.
分布区域 Distribution Area
全国沿海均有分布。
Distributed along the coast nationwide.